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  "contentMarkdown": "# Unity、Mono、IL2CPP 与 .NET 的关系\n\n> [!note] 更新说明\n> 原笔记把 Unity 简化成“由 Mono 提供 C# 运行环境”。这对部分历史版本成立，但现代 Unity 还可使用 IL2CPP；可用的 .NET API 兼容级别也不等同于直接运行桌面 .NET SDK。\n\n## 先区分四个概念\n\n- **C#**：编程语言。\n- **.NET 标准库/API 兼容级别**：代码可调用的一组类型和接口约定。\n- **Mono**：开源 .NET 运行时实现之一。Unity 的 Mono 脚本后端通常把 C# 编译为 CIL，再由运行时执行，并提供垃圾回收等能力。\n- **IL2CPP**：Unity 的 AOT 脚本后端，把托管程序集中的 CIL 转换为 C++，再由目标平台原生编译器生成二进制；运行时仍需要 Unity 提供的托管语义、GC 与互操作支持。\n\n## 编译与运行路径\n\n### Mono 后端\n\n```text\nC# 源码 → C# 编译器 → CIL 程序集 → Mono/Unity 运行时执行\n```\n\nMono 后端通常便于快速迭代和调试，但具体 JIT/AOT 能力受目标平台限制。\n\n### IL2CPP 后端\n\n```text\nC# 源码 → CIL 程序集 → IL2CPP 转换为 C++ → 平台编译器 → 原生程序\n```\n\nIL2CPP 不是把任意 C# 语句直接“翻译成等价手写 C++”，而是 Unity 的构建链和运行时实现方案。AOT 环境会影响反射、泛型实例化、动态代码生成与代码裁剪，需要按 Unity 文档配置。\n\n## 三张历史示意图\n\n以下图片来自原笔记，用于理解早期 .NET/Mono 关系；其中版本与产品边界可能已过时。\n\n![早期 .NET 编译运行示意](assets/Unity-Mono与NET-关系-01.png)\n\n![Unity 与 Mono 的历史关系示意](assets/Unity-Mono与NET-关系-02.png)\n\n![CLI 与运行时历史示意](assets/Unity-Mono与NET-关系-03.png)\n\n## 实践中的判断顺序\n\n1. 确认 Unity 版本、目标平台和当前脚本后端。\n2. 确认 API Compatibility Level，而不是只看本机安装了哪个 .NET SDK。\n3. 检查第三方程序集是否支持 AOT、代码裁剪与目标 CPU 架构。\n4. 遇到内存问题时区分托管对象、Unity Native Object、原生插件和系统/驱动分配。\n5. 发布前分别在 Editor、Development Build 与真实发布构建验证，不能只依赖编辑器行为。\n\n## 参考资料\n\n- [Unity Manual：Scripting backends](https://docs.unity3d.com/ja/current/Manual/scripting-backends-intro.html)\n- [Unity Manual：IL2CPP overview](https://docs.unity3d.com/cn/6000.0/Manual/scripting-backends-il2cpp.html)\n- [Unity Manual：Managed memory introduction](https://docs.unity3d.com/jp/current/Manual/performance-managed-memory-introduction.html)\n"
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