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"contentMarkdown": "# OpenGL\n\n> 创建时间：2020/10/21 22:27\n\n * OpenGL\n * Overview\n * 什么是OpenGL\n * 01状态机上下文环境\n * 相关程序库\n * Context and window toolkits\n * OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT)\n * freeglut\n * GLFW\n * Extension loading libraries\n * GLEW（OpenGL Extension Wrangler）\n * OpenGL ES\n * 相关学习网站\n * Getting Started\n * 环境搭建\n * Ref\n\n## Overview\n\n### 什么是OpenGL\n\nOpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface ( **API** ) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.\n\n### 01状态机上下文环境\n\n状态机\n状态——当前绘制状态：光照设置，纹理设置\n\n上下文（context）\nGLFW库，把上下文信息赋值给要绘图的窗口\n\n### 相关程序库\n\n早期的 OpenGL 版本会一同发布配套的 GLU库(OpenGL Utility Library)，提供一些同时代硬件尚不支持的简单功能。\n\n#### Context and window toolkits\n\nThese toolkits are designed to create and manage OpenGL windows, and manage input, but little beyond that.\n\n##### OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT)\n\n> An old windowing handler, no longer maintained.\n\n处理OpenGL程序的工具库，负责处理和底层操作系统的调用以及I/O，并包括了以下常见的功能：\n\n * 定义以及控制视窗\n\n * 侦测并处理键盘及鼠标的事件\n\n * 以一个函数调用绘制某些常用的立体图形，例如长方体、球、以及犹他茶壶（实心或只有骨架，如glutWireTeapot()）\n\n * 提供了简单菜单列的实现\n\n> GLUT的两个主要目的是创建一个跨平台的库（事实上GLUT就是跨平台的），以及简化学习OpenGL的条件。透过GLUT编写OpenGL通常只需要增加几行额外GLUT的代码，而且不需要知道每个不同操作系统处理视窗的API。\n\n##### freeglut\n\nan open-source alternative to the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) library.\n\nGLUT (and hence FreeGLUT) allows the user to **create and manage windows containing OpenGL contexts on a wide range of platforms and also read the mouse, keyboard and joystick functions**. FreeGLUT is intended to be a full replacement for GLUT, and has only a few differences.\n\nFreeglut’s API is a **superset** of the GLUT API, and it is more stable and up to date than GLUT.\n\n> 小知识：superset（超集），对应于subset（子集）。如果一个集合S2中的每一个元素都在集合S1中，且集合S1中可能包含S2中没有的元素，则集合S1就是S2的一个超集，反过来，S2是S1的子集。\n\n##### GLFW\n\nGraphics Library Framework（图形库框架） - A cross-platform **windowing** and **keyboard-mouse-joystick handler** ; is more **game-oriented**\n创建并管理窗口和 OpenGL 上下文，同时还提供了处理手柄、键盘、鼠标输入的功能。\n可以代替GLUT\n\n#### Extension loading libraries\n\nGiven the high workload involved in identifying and loading OpenGL extensions, a few libraries have been designed which **load all available extensions and functions automatically**. Examples include **GLEE** , **GLEW** and **glbinding**.\n\n##### GLEW（OpenGL Extension Wrangler）\n\nGLEW是一个跨平台的C++扩展库，是对底层 OpenGL 接口的封装，能自动识别你的平台所支持的全部OpenGL高级扩展函数，让你的代码跨平台。\n\n> glad：和 glew 作用相同，glew 的升级版\n\n### OpenGL ES\n\n**OpenGL for Embedded Systems** ，是三维图形应用程序接口OpenGL的子集，针对手机、PDA和游戏主机等嵌入式设备而设计。\n\n> OpenGL ES是从OpenGL裁剪定制而来的，去除了glBegin/glEnd，四边形（GL_QUADS）、多边形（GL_POLYGONS）等复杂图元等许多非绝对必要的特性。经过多年发展，现在主要有两个版本，OpenGL ES 1.x针对固定管线硬件的，OpenGL ES 2.x针对可编程管线硬件。OpenGL ES 1.0是以OpenGL 1.3规范为基础的，OpenGL ES 1.1是以OpenGL 1.5规范为基础的，它们分别又支持common和common lite两种profile。lite profile只支持定点实数，而common profile既支持定点数又支持浮点数。OpenGL ES 2.0则是参照OpenGL 2.0规范定义的，common profile发布于2005-8，引入了对可编程管线的支持。OpenGL ES 3.0于2012年公布，加入了大量新特性。\n\n### 相关学习网站\n\n官网 www.opengl.org\n一些教程：\nopen.gl\nopengl-tutorial.org\nlearnopengl \n\n中文教程：\n\n## Getting Started\n\n### 环境搭建\n\n 正弦函数\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n## Ref\n\n\n\n"
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