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  "contentMarkdown": "![](assets/image-20250122110347360.png)\n\n\n## Linux Kernal\nthe Android Runtime (ART) relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionalities\n\tthreading\n\tlow-level memory management\n\n## Hardware abstraction layer (HAL)\nprovides standard interfaces that expose device hardware capabilities\nconsists of multiple library modules\n\n## Android runtime\nFor devices running Android version 5.0 (API level 21) or higher, **each app** runs in its own process and with **its own instance of the Android Runtime** (ART).\n\n详见 [Android应用程序与运行环境](5%20信息技术领域/Android开发/Android应用程序与运行环境.md)\n## Native C/C++ libraries\nMany core Android system components and services, such as ART and HAL, are built from native code that requires native libraries written in C and C++. The Android platform provides Java framework APIs to expose the functionality of some of these native libraries to apps. For example, you can access OpenGL ES through the Android framework’s Java OpenGL API to add support for drawing and manipulating 2D and 3D graphics in your app.\n\n## Java API framework\nThe entire feature-set of the Android OS is available to you through APIs written in the Java language.\n\n## System apps\n\n\n# Android系统架构\nhttps://developer.android.com/guide/platform\n"
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